Knee
The knee is essentially made up of four bones. The femur, which is the large bone in your thigh, attaches by ligaments [Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), Lateral Collateral (LCL), Anterior Cruciate (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate (PCL)] and a capsule to your tibia. Just below and next to the tibia is the fibula, which runs parallel to the tibia. The patella, or what we call the knee cap, rides on the knee joint as the knee bends.

The knee involves the interplay of many joints, muscles (knee muscles are the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius), tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone) for normal functional activities. The knee joint also has structures which are made of cartilage called the menisci or meniscal cartilage. The meniscus are C-shaped pieces of tissue which fits into the joint between the tibia and the femur. It helps to protect the joint and allows the bones to slide freely on each other. Its function is weight-bearing and locomotive. It needs to support the body weight, propel the body and adapt to the surrounding environment.

Signs and symptoms of knee problems include: pain, stiffness, decreased motion, swelling, instability, locking, clicking, weakness and deformity. These signs and symptoms are more often observed from and reported in the front and sides of the knee, but can radiate behind the knee as well as in the upper and lower leg.Many diagnoses are assessed and treatable, including: Arthritis, inflammation Quadriceps/hamstring (muscle) tear or strain Ligament tear (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) Meniscal or cartilage tear Patella-femoral joint dysfunction, PFS, mal-tracking Fractures-traumatic and stress Post Surgical reconstruction-Total knee replacement/ACL Post Surgical repair - meniscus, muscle, Quadriceps tendon Tendinitis- patella,  ITB Instability, twisting - stretching injuries Osteochondritis dessicans Oshgood schlaters